Princeton’s African American Honorary Degree Recipients: Activists and Public Servants

by: Brenda Tindal

In the fall of 1748, Prince­ton University–then known as the Col­lege of New Jer­sey– held its first com­mence­ment. Dur­ing this cer­e­mony, six under­grad­u­ate stu­dents were grad­u­ated with Bach­e­lor of Arts degrees and the admin­is­tra­tion con­ferred the hon­oris causa (hon­orary degree) upon Jonathan Belcher, the Gov­er­nor of New Jer­sey. There­after, Prince­ton awarded hon­orary degrees to indi­vid­u­als who had made sig­nif­i­cant con­tri­bu­tions in var­i­ous sec­tors of soci­ety includ­ing reli­gion, aca­d­e­mics, arts and cul­ture, pol­i­tics, sci­ence, mil­i­tary, and finance, among other fields. How­ever, it would not be until 1951 that Prince­ton would con­fer this honor upon an African Amer­i­can. Since then, more than forty African Amer­i­cans have been hon­ored in this way. This post focuses on some African Amer­i­can activists and pub­lic ser­vants who have received an hon­orary degree from Prince­ton Uni­ver­sity.

Ralph John­son Bunche

Diplo­mat and scholar-activist Ralph John­son Bunche was the first African Amer­i­can awarded an hon­orary degree from Prince­ton in 1951, receiv­ing a Doc­tor of Laws degree.


Cita­tion read at Princeton’s 204th Commencement:
“A polit­i­cal sci­en­tist on the fac­ulty of Howard Uni­ver­sity on leave since 1941 for gov­ern­ment ser­vice. Stafford Lit­tle Lec­turer at Prince­ton in 1950. Professor-designate at Har­vard. An expert ana­lyst of colo­nial areas and ter­ri­to­r­ial affairs for the State Depart­ment and advi­sor to the United States Del­e­ga­tion at the sev­eral Con­fer­ences that ini­ti­ated the United Nations. Now on loan from the State Depart­ment to be Direc­tor of the Depart­ment of Trustee­ship in the United Nations. Win­ner of the Nobel Peace Prize for 1950 as United Nations medi­a­tor in Pales­tine. Where human affairs need a know­ing appraisal and states­man­like lead­er­ship, peo­ple draft him because he can be believed. His sin­gle­ness of pur­pose brings peo­ple to the point of rec­on­cil­i­a­tion, and his sin­cer­ity and sim­plic­ity inspire in them con­fi­dent hope. A world cit­i­zen ‘ever will­ing to accept as great a share of haz­ard as of honor.’ ”

Thur­good Marshall

Judge and civil rights lit­i­ga­tor Thur­good Mar­shall received the hon­orary degree of Doc­tor of Laws in 1963.

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Cita­tion read at Princeton’s 206th Commencement:

ThurgoodMarshall_hdcit

Whit­ney Moore Young, Jr.

Leader of the National Urban League and civil rights activist Whit­ney Moore Young, Jr., received the hon­orary degree of Doc­tor of Laws in 1967.

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Cita­tion read at Princeton’s 220th Commencement:

WhitneyYoung_hdcit

Coretta Scott King

Human rights activist and widow of slain Civil Rights leader Dr. Mar­tin Luther King, Jr., Coretta Scott King received the hon­orary degree of Doc­tor of Human­i­ties in 1970.

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Cita­tion read at Princeton’s 223rd Commencement:

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John Lewis

Con­gress­man and civil rights leader John Lewis received the hon­orary degree of Doc­tor of Laws in 1987.
Cita­tion read at Prince­ton 240th Com­mence­ment:
JohnLewis_hdcit
Con­stance Baker Motley

Judge and civil rights lit­i­ga­tor Con­stance Baker-Motley received the hon­orary degree of Doc­tor of Laws in 1989.

Cita­tion read at Princeton’s 242nd Commencement:

ConstanceMotley_hdcit

Dorothy Irene Height

Civic leader, activist, and edu­ca­tor Dorothy Irene Height received the hon­orary degree of Doc­tor of Laws in 1990.
Cita­tion read at Princeton’s 243rd Commencement:

DorothyHeight_hdcit

Robert Par­ris Moses

Edu­ca­tor and civil rights pio­neer Robert Par­ris Moses received the hon­orary degree of Doc­tor of Laws in 2002.
*Moses is cur­rently the 2011–2012 Vis­it­ing Fel­low in Princeton’s Cen­ter for African Amer­i­can Stud­ies (CAAS)
Cita­tion read at Princeton’s 257th Commencement:

RobertMoses_hdcit

University Archives materials in new Art Museum exhibition

A new exhi­bi­tion at the Prince­ton Uni­ver­sity Art Museum fea­tures items bor­rowed from the Prince­ton Uni­ver­sity Archives. Prince­ton and the Gothic Revival: 1870–1930 is a look into “Amer­i­cans’ chang­ing atti­tudes to the art, archi­tec­ture, and style of the Mid­dle Ages through the lens of Prince­ton Uni­ver­sity around the turn of the twen­ti­eth cen­tury” and opens to the pub­lic this Sat­ur­day, Feb­ru­ary 25, 2012.

Chapel exterior
Alexan­der Hoyle for Cram and Fer­gu­son, architects

The exhibit includes 10 items loaned from the Prince­ton Uni­ver­sity Archives, includ­ing the sig­na­ture image for the exhi­bi­tion, a water­color of the Uni­ver­sity Chapel (above). Other items include archi­tec­tural draw­ings of the Mar­quand Chapel, Holder Hall, Madi­son Hall and the South Court Tower, and some sug­gested addi­tions for the uni­ver­sity library from 1898, which at that time was housed in Chan­cel­lor Green.

One piece needed some intri­cate and del­i­cate con­ser­va­tion efforts from Uni­ver­sity Paper Con­ser­va­tor Ted Stan­ley. A water­color of the pro­posed exte­rior of the A. Page Brown, Class of 1877 Bio­log­i­cal Lab­o­ra­tory had split in half. Stan­ley was able to restore the water­color and the board it was mounted on to its orig­i­nal form to hide the sep­a­ra­tion. We chal­lenge you to find the seam!

This is the first time that any of the archives mate­r­ial has been loaned and dis­played at the Prince­ton Art Museum. The exhibit will run from Feb­ru­ary 25th to June 24, 2012

For more about Prince­ton and the Gothic Revival: 1870–1930 or the Prince­ton Art Museum, visit their web­site.

The beginnings of American Football

Super­bowl Sun­day is once again upon us. As we head toward the “Big Game” you can’t help but think back to when inter­col­le­giate foot­ball gained its begin­nings right here in Princeton.

In the book A Prince­ton Com­pan­ion author Alexan­der Leitch notes that the first Amer­i­can inter­col­le­giate foot­ball game was played between Prince­ton and Rut­gers in New Brunswick on Novem­ber 6, 1869.

The Prince­ton Uni­ver­sity Archives, housed at Mudd Man­u­script Library, con­tains a trea­sure trove of mem­o­ra­bilia, pho­tographs and pro­grams from the early days of Prince­ton football.

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Prince­ton foot­ball team from 1879.
A Sou­venir Pro­gramme from the Princeton-Pennsylvania Foot-Ball Game from Novem­ber 5, 1892 gives a descrip­tion of the game. See the tran­script below.

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“Our Game of Foot-Ball” from a Sou­venir Pro­gramme dated Novem­ber 5, 1892.

Tran­script:
Our Game of Foot-Ball.

It is proper to call it our game,for the rea­son that Foot-ball, as you will see it played to-day, is pecu­liarly an insti­tu­tion of Amer­i­can Col­leges. From the time, how­ever, that man’s con­struc­tive genius evolved a large but airly light sphere, he has delighted to kick and chase it about in rivalry with his fel­lows. There­fore, Foot-ball, as a game, is not ours either in the sense of Amer­i­can or mod­ern. We read of games in the Mid­dle Ages, in which hun­dreds of men par­tic­i­pated, and the bounds of which were miles apart. Who has not laughed at the descrip­tion, in “Tom Brown’s School-days,” of the game into which the silk-hatted, gold spec­ta­cled grad­u­ates rushed-forgetful of dig­nity and clothing-remembering only the glory of their school and the intox­i­cat­ing delight of the game. Show me the boy or man even — indeed I will add old woman — who can see a foot-ball rolling tempt­ingly near the foot and yet feel no desire to kick it, and I would advise the con­sult­ing of some sen­si­ble physi­cian. But it would be well to speak only of our game. Among the spec­ta­tors there is undoubt­edly a large minor­ity who know actu­ally noth­ing about the tech­nique of “Inter-Collegiate” Foot-ball. Prob­a­bly half of the remain­der know just enough to arouse their curios­ity, and many of the other half feel that they do not know it all. Hence it does not seem untimely to describe the game in such a way that any, so desir­ing, may, by care­ful read­ing, know and enjoy Foot-Ball better.

THE GROUNDS
You will see, spread out before you, a field enclosed by white bouandry lines. Its length is 330 feet — its breadth 160 feet. Width-wise across this field you will see other white lines, drawn par­al­let and exactly five yards apart. Three of these “five-yard” lines are marked more heav­ily than the oth­ers. These are twenty-five yards from each end and the one in the cen­tre of the field. The end lines are called the “goal-lines.” In the cen­tre fo the lines you will see two posts twenty feet high, eigh­teen feet and six inches apart and con­nected ten feet from the ground by a straight bar. This-H like struc­ture is called the goal.

THE TEAMS
If you are prop­erly enthused, you will expe­ri­ence con­sid­er­able excite­ment when the teams come on the field about two-fifteen. Until the game is called there will be about twenty men at each end of the field, warm­ing up by pass­ing the ball, falling on it and kick­ing it. When it is time to play, how­ever, eleven only of each side strip off their sweaters and assem­ble at the mid­dle of the field. The con­ven­tional method for these men to line up on ordi­nary plays is as fol­lows: Seven of them, called “Rush­ers,” stand in line to pro­tect he “Backs,” who are the other four men. Of the Rush­ers, the man in the mid­dle is known as the Cen­tre Rush, and is the man to put the ball in play. On each side of him are the Guards — the one on his right being known as Right Guard, the other as Left Guard. The next man on each side is known as a Tackle, and the end men are known respec­tively as Right and Left End Rush. Of the Backs, the man who plays directly behind the Cen­tre Rush and takes the ball from him when he snaps it back is know as the Quar­ter Back. The other three backs stand in a line about five yards from the Rush­ers and are know respec­tively as Right and Left Half Backs and Full Back.

THE OFFICIALS
Con­sist of a Ref­eree and an Umpire. The prin­ci­pal duty of the for­mer is to watch the ball — tell to which side it belongs, how many downs it is, how far to gain, and whether the ball has been prop­erly put into play. The Umpire must watch the play­ers — keep them on side, pre­vent unfair hold­ing, decide with regard to the fair­ness of inter­fer­ence and pre­vent bru­tal­ity by send­ing from the field all men who strike, kick, throt­tle or are unnec­es­sar­ily rough.

THE GAME
When it is nearly time for the game to begin, the Ref­eree calls the two Cap­tains together and, by flip­ping a coin, deter­mine which team shall have the ball at the kick-off. The Cap­tain who does not get the ball always has a choice of the goals, and usu­ally chooses to defend the one from which the wind is blow­ing, so that the kick­ing may be more effec­tive. The Ref­eree now placed the ball in the exact cen­tre of the field, and the team hav­ing the kick-off forms itself into the shape of a V, with the apex over the ball and a man stand­ing in the angle to run with it behind the pro­tec­tion of his V. The Ref­eree asks each Cap­tain if he is ready and then shouts, “Play!” The game is now begun and con­tin­ues an hour and a half, with a rest of ten min­utes in the middle.

Above items were found in collections:

In addi­tion, you can see film high­lights of Prince­ton foot­ball games on our Reel Mudd blog.

Early films of Prince­ton foot­ball, 1903–1951.
Post-war Prince­ton foot­ball news­reels, 1947–1956.
Prince­ton Foot­ball, the Win­ning Way,” 1975.

For more infor­ma­tion about Prince­ton Foot­ball and the Uni­ver­sity Archives visit the find­ing aids page of the Mudd Man­u­script Library website.

Addi­tional read­ing Prince­ton Foot­ball: Images of Sports avail­able at Fire­stone and Mudd Libraries.

New Accessions: April-June 2010

The Mudd Man­u­script Library received 12 pub­lic pol­icy acces­sions and 30 Uni­ver­sity Archives acces­sions between April and June 2010.

The pub­lic pol­icy col­lec­tions received sig­nif­i­cant addi­tions to the Amer­i­can Civil Lib­er­ties Union Records and the Coun­cil on For­eign Rela­tions Records. In addi­tion, a won­der­ful sur­prise was the receipt of Woodrow Wilson’s and Edith Bolling Galt’s mar­riage license, 1915. The item was donated by Mr. Barry C. Keenan of Granville, OH, who also con­fessed to hav­ing caused the green ink stain on the doc­u­ment as a ten-year-old.

Wilson marriage license

On the Uni­ver­sity Archives side, the Library received the papers of two impor­tant Prince­ton fig­ures– Dr. Carl. A. Fields and Dean Mathey.
Edu­ca­tor and advo­cate of minor­ity edu­ca­tion, Dr. Carl A. Fields was assis­tant dean of stu­dent aid at Prince­ton Uni­ver­sity and later served in var­i­ous other lead­er­ship posi­tions out­side the Uni­ver­sity. The Carl A. Fields Papers con­sist of cor­re­spon­dence, reports, research mate­r­ial on race rela­tions and minor­ity edu­ca­tion, hand­writ­ten notes, project pro­pos­als, and other papers that doc­u­ment his life and active career. An online find­ing aid for this col­lec­tion is avail­able at: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/5138jd936.
Dean Mathey, Class of 1912, was a mem­ber of the Board of Trustees and an ardent sup­porter of the Uni­ver­sity. The col­lec­tion doc­u­ments Mathey’s famil­ial rela­tion­ships, his ser­vice to Prince­ton, his ten­nis career and other activ­i­ties from his under­grad­u­ate days to the end of his life. A find­ing aid is for this col­lec­tion is in process.
The fol­low­ing is a com­plete list of mate­ri­als that were acces­sioned between April and June of 2010. As always, if you would like addi­tional infor­ma­tion about these mate­ri­als, please con­tact us through our gen­eral email account at .

Con­tinue read­ing

From the Archives: Summer at Princeton

With most stu­dents away and the heat beat­ing down on McCosh Walk, sum­mer at Prince­ton has an unde­ni­ably dif­fer­ent char­ac­ter than that of the aca­d­e­mic year.
Unlike Ivy League coun­ter­parts such as Colum­bia and Har­vard, Prince­ton does not hold sum­mer classes. Instead, the cam­pus is pop­u­lated by a vari­ety of sum­mer camps, con­fer­ences, and other spe­cial pro­grams. The small cadre of stu­dents who remain on cam­pus are often at work on dis­ser­ta­tions and the­ses or employed in sum­mer jobs on behalf of var­i­ous uni­ver­sity depart­ments. Mean­while, fac­ulty who remain may be prepar­ing mate­r­ial for pub­li­ca­tion or under­tak­ing research.
But this was not always the case. From 1923 to at least the 1940s, Prince­ton hosted its own sum­mer courses, and stu­dents have returned to cam­pus in droves dur­ing times of national emer­gency as well, such as dur­ing World War I, when Prince­ton hosted mil­i­tary train­ing camps, or World War II, when the sum­mer ses­sion was greatly expanded so stu­dents could com­plete more courses before going off to serve in the war.

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World War I Sum­mer Train­ing Camp — Review (1917). His­tor­i­cal Pho­to­graph Col­lec­tion: Cam­pus Life Series, Box MP207

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From the Archives: Princeton and the Supreme Court

Jour­nal­ists and pun­dits are not­ing that Elena Kagan’s

con­fir­ma­tion to the Supreme Court last week marks the first time three women have served con­cur­rently on

the high court. How­ever, Kagan’s con­fir­ma­tion marks another historic

occa­sion — the first time in 168 years that three Prince­to­ni­ans have shared

the bench.

While 2010’s trio con­sists of Samuel Alito ’ 72, Sonia

Sotomayor ’76, and Elena Kagan ’81, the 1842 trio con­sisted of Smith Thompson

1788, Peter V. Daniel ‘1805, and James Moore Wayne ‘1808.

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Jus­tices Thompson

1788 (Under­grad­u­ate Alumni Records), Daniel ‘1805 (Dick­in­son University’s House Divided Project), and Wayne ‘1808 (Library of Con­gress).

Con­tinue read­ing

From the Archives…Bob Bradley ’80

Long before he was coach­ing the US National Soc­cer Team at the World Cup, Bob Bradley ’80 was Princeton’s coach of twelve years. Dur­ing this time, he led the Tigers to a pair of Ivy League titles and an appear­ance in the 1993 Col­lege Cup.

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Bob Bradley as a fresh­man. Prince­ton Uni­ver­sity Archives: Under­grad­u­ate Alumni Records, 1921–2008

Before that, he was a Prince­ton stu­dent as well. A his­tory major, Bradley wrote his senior the­sis on “The His­tory of Inter­col­le­giate Ath­let­ics at Prince­ton,” and was joint top scorer on the 1979 team that was Princeton’s most suc­cess­ful up to that point. Bradley was also a var­sity base­ball player dur­ing his fresh­man year, and a broad­caster at WPRB as a junior and senior.

One of Bradley’s assis­tants, Jesse Marsch ’96 was also a Prince­ton stu­dent. Marsch was named All-American in 1995 while play­ing on Bradley’s team.

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Jesse Marsch ’96, Photo by Greg McDer­mott, Prince­ton Uni­ver­sity Archives: Under­grad­u­ate Alumni Records, 1921–2008

–John DeLooper