A Princeton Degree For a Yalie: George H.W. Bush Visits Princeton, 1991

On May 10, 1991, Pres­i­dent George H.W. Bush came to Princeton’s cam­pus to receive an hon­orary Doc­tor of Laws degree and ded­i­cate the University’s Social Sci­ence Com­plex. This $20 mil­lion dol­lar project included the newly con­structed Bend­heim and Fisher Halls, as well as a ren­o­va­tion of Cor­win Hall. This Reel Mudd blog post includes video of both of these events, along with other scenes related to the President’s visit.

Pres­i­dent Bush’s visit was notable for sev­eral rea­sons. This cer­e­mony was Bush’s first appear­ance out­side of Wash­ing­ton DC after suf­fer­ing atrial fib­ril­la­tion while jog­ging at Camp David. In addi­tion, Bush’s speech (begin­ning at 00:50:26) was expected to be a major pol­icy speech, though a report indi­cates that the pres­i­dent rewrote the address en route to Prince­ton in order to tone down direct attacks on Con­gress (Daily Prince­ton­ian, Vol­ume 115, Num­ber 65, 13 May 1991). While still pep­pered with crit­i­cism of Con­gress, the President’s talk was mainly a dis­cus­sion of the Exec­u­tive Branch’s pol­icy mak­ing role com­pared to that of the Leg­isla­tive, and Bush’s per­sonal oppo­si­tion to cre­at­ing new bureau­cra­cies. The speech is also pep­pered with humor about the Princeton/Yale rivalry and the President’s place within it (51:42), as well as Bush’s health(50:39), the Nude Olympics (51:22), John F. Kennedy (52:02), and the Prince­ton alle­giances of Sec­re­taries of State George Shultz ’42 and James Baker ‘52  (52:28).
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Bush Receives his hon­orary degree from Pres­i­dent Shapiro *64.
His­tor­i­cal Pho­to­graph Col­lec­tion, Indi­vid­u­als Series, Box MP2

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Reunions, reunions, 1915–2009

Princeton’s reunions are almost as old as Prince­ton Uni­ver­sity itself, going back to the days when the uni­ver­sity was still known as the “Col­lege of New Jer­sey.” In today’s blog, posted dur­ing the Reunions week­end of 2011, we are show­ing you the old­est reunion footage in the Uni­ver­sity Archives: an anno­tated film of the Class of 1895’s 20th and 30th Reunions in 1915 and 1925, fol­lowed by footage of the Class of 1915’s 40th Reunion in 1955, and the Class of 1944’s 65th Reunion in 2009, the most recent reunion footage in the Uni­ver­sity Archives. The films may be com­pared with reunion footage fea­tured in pre­vi­ous blogs, includ­ing the Reunion of the Class of 1921 in 1923 and 1926, and the Reunions and P-rade of 1928, of 1960 and 1961, and of 1986. A com­pi­la­tion of this footage to wel­come return­ing alumni in 2011 can be found here.

The Class of 1895’s 20th reunion footage is the first of its kind, and would well have been the very old­est film in the Uni­ver­sity Archives, if not for the news­reel footage of the inau­gu­ra­tion of Pres­i­dent John Grier Hibben in 1912. The film was made by the Con­necti­cut Film Com­pany, which had two men fol­low the class around cam­pus on Reunions Sat­ur­day, then return the fol­low­ing Mon­day to show the film at the Class Din­ner. As Class Sec­re­tary Andrew Imbrie put it in a let­ter to class­mates in advance of Reunions, this would be “a stunt never before attempted at any Prince­ton reunion.”

The anno­tated film opens with alumni and their sons dis­em­bark­ing from the train (which is still in front of Blair Hall). We then see mem­bers of the Class of 1895 pass by their place of lodg­ing, the Hill Dor­mi­tory at 48 Uni­ver­sity Place (0:48). Next we watch the class as they pro­ceed through FitzRan­dolph Gate accom­pa­nied by Klingler’s Allen­town Band (1:07). Class mem­bers have been instructed to wear straw hats, white trousers and a dark coat. Hat bands, but­tons and white umbrel­las were pro­vided for the class. “Umbrel­las keep hot sun off bald heads,” wrote Imbrie, “and when used en masse dis­pel the silly feel­ing which one has when one car­ries one by one’s self.”

Back at head­quar­ters at the Bachelor’s Club, we see a crowd of men and chil­dren gath­ered around class mem­ber Howard Colby’s “‘sar­sa­par­illa auto­mo­bile,’ built, dec­o­rated and pro­vi­sioned with thought­ful con­sid­er­a­tion for the small army of sons and daugh­ters” of class mem­bers (2:23). As the film winds down, the cam­era pans over the 136 class mem­bers who returned for 1895’s 20th along with their sons (3:53). The D.Q. Brown Long Dis­tance Cup is pre­sented by Dick­in­son Brown to his class­mate Henry “Spi­der” McNulty, who trav­eled the far­thest, from China, to attend the reunion.

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Post-War Princeton: The building of Firestone Library, the Dillon Gym, and Bicentennial celebrations, 1945–1949

From the start of the Depres­sion until the end of World War II, con­struc­tion activ­ity at Prince­ton, like at other uni­ver­si­ties, was at a near stand­still. The first build­ings to be erected here as part of the post-war build­ing boom on Amer­i­can cam­puses were the Dil­lon Gym and the Har­vey S. Fire­stone Memo­r­ial Library. The four silent films dis­cussed on this post, which are all in color, cap­ture the begin­ning of the con­struc­tion of Fire­stone Library, the ded­i­ca­tion of the Dil­lon Gym in June 1947, and other activ­i­ties at the close of the bicen­ten­nial cel­e­bra­tions of 1946–1947 and the imme­di­ate years thereafter.

The ori­gin of the 16mm film that is fea­tured here is unknown. Although it seems excru­ci­at­ingly slow at times, the 14 minute long time lapse footage spans almost one and a half years, dur­ing which the exca­va­tion work for Fire­stone Library was under­taken, the struc­ture of the three under­ground floors almost com­pleted, and the steel struc­ture of the upper part of the library erected.

Firestone ground.jpgAs can be seen on this cam­pus map, the space between Wash­ing­ton Road and the then library (what is now Chan­cel­lor Green and Pyne Hall) was quite open. Dur­ing most of the film the cam­era is fac­ing the Engi­neer­ing Build­ing on Wash­ing­ton Road (now Burr and Green Hall), and moves between the Joseph Henry House, home of the Dean of the Col­lege (the white house seen on the left) and the ’77 Lab­o­ra­tory (the square brick build­ing with the cres­cent shaped win­dows on the right). This biol­ogy lab­o­ra­tory, donated by the Class of 1877 at its tenth reunion, was demol­ished in the sum­mer of 1946, which is cap­tured start­ing at 9:15. The ’77 Lab appears as a pile of rub­ble at 9:21, when the Bracket Dynamo Lab­o­ra­tory behind it becomes vis­i­ble. This sec­ond lab is grad­u­ally bro­ken down in the footage that follows.

The Joseph Henry House, how­ever, was not destroyed but moved instead, for the third time since it was built in 1837. Although the cam­era focused on the exca­va­tion work, prepa­ra­tions for the move to its present loca­tion, which accord­ing to the Prince started in April 1946, can be fol­lowed from 8:40 at the top of the screen. The actual move took place at the end of May, and the house can be seen to have moved a few yards between 9:45 and 9:48. Most of the footage con­cerns the dig­ging and exca­va­tion work prior to the con­struc­tion work, which had started on Christ­mas Eve 1945, and was sub­con­tracted to George M. Brew­ster and Sons (Turner Con­struc­tion Com­pany was the con­trac­tor). The work of Brewster’s “blast­ing crew,” which accord­ing to the Prince in March con­sisted of a “blast expert,” a “pow­der mon­key” and twelve drillers, can be fol­lowed from 3:28, with two explo­sions vis­i­ble at 4:35 and 6:48.

Only the last few min­utes of the film (10:39–14.15), cap­ture the begin­ning of the con­struc­tion of the Fire­stone Library itself, start­ing with the low­est floor. The snow at 11.31, sur­round­ing the con­crete columns, indi­cates that a year has passed since the time lapse film­ing began. On Jan­u­ary 15, 1947 the Prince wrote that most of the under­ground struc­ture had been com­pleted. The footage at 11.53, which includes a view on Nas­sau Street, must have been filmed dur­ing or shortly after Feb­ru­ary 1947, when the library, accord­ing to the Prince had risen above the ground. The film ends with footage of the build­ing of the steel struc­ture of the library’s three floors (13:11), the last shots of which indi­cat­ing that it is spring­time now (13:32).

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Princeton’s Bicentennial: Charter Day, October 19, 1946

In the 1946–1947 aca­d­e­mic year, Prince­ton cel­e­brated its 200th anniver­sary with a series of con­vo­ca­tions and events, end­ing with a con­clud­ing cer­e­mony, cap­tured in a news­reel, which included a con­vo­ca­tion address by US Pres­i­dent Harry Tru­man. Today’s blog fea­tures another news­reel about the University’s bicen­ten­nial year that focuses on “Char­ter Day,” Octo­ber 19, 1946. In addi­tion to Princeton’s almost 200-year old char­ter and the “largest pro­ces­sion in Prince­ton his­tory” at the time (which included 23 hon­orary degrees recip­i­ents), the news­reel addresses the begin­ning of inter­col­le­giate foot­ball, depict­ing a re-enactment of the first foot­ball game between Prince­ton and Rut­gers from Novem­ber 6, 1869 dur­ing half­time of the 1946 Princeton-Rutgers game.

Princeton’s char­ter, granted to the Uni­ver­sity on Octo­ber 22, 1746 (then still known as the “Col­lege of New Jer­sey”) is shown fleet­ingly in the news­reel (0:38). Read­ers of our reg­u­lar blog already know that the char­ter, on inter­mit­tent dis­play dur­ing the cel­e­bra­tion of Mudd Man­u­script Library’s 50th anniver­sary, is actu­ally not the orig­i­nal (which was lost) but the sec­ond char­ter, drawn up in 1748. (An expla­na­tion can be found in our Fre­quently Asked Ques­tions.) The famous early pic­ture of Nas­sau Hall that fol­lows at 0:48 is the cop­per engrav­ing by Philadel­phia artist Henry Dawkins (copied from a draw­ing by Prince­ton stu­dent William Ten­nent, Class of 1758), which was printed in Samuel Blair’s Account of the Col­lege of New Jer­sey (1764). For more infor­ma­tion about the engraver, who was also a coun­ter­feiter of paper money, see Julie Mellby’s Graphic Arts blog.

Over 500 peo­ple com­prised the aca­d­e­mic pro­ces­sion that opened and closed the morning’s con­vo­ca­tion, accord­ing to the Prince, includ­ing fac­ulty, trustees, rep­re­sen­ta­tives of all alumni classes and mem­bers of the Under­grad­u­ate Coun­cil. The pro­ces­sion included an offi­cial del­e­ga­tion from the United Nations, headed by Sec­re­tary Gen­eral Trygve Lie, and mem­bers from the State Bicen­ten­nial Com­mis­sion, includ­ing Wal­ter E. Edge, Gov­er­nor of New Jer­sey. Lie (1:42) and Edge (2:11) were among the 23 hon­orary degree recip­i­ents, as were the Dan­ish physi­cist Niels Bohr, the Span­ish writer Sal­vador De Madariaga, and the French philoso­pher Jacques Mar­i­tain (2:21–not all recip­i­ents are clearly visible).

The last eight min­utes of the news­reel are occu­pied by the 38th Rutgers-Princeton foot­ball game in the after­noon (2:47), with a humor­ous reen­act­ment of the first Rutgers-Princeton game of Novem­ber 6, 1869 (5:51), con­sid­ered the ‘birth’ of inter­col­le­giate foot­ball. A descrip­tion of the foot­ball game and the reen­act­ment by The­atre Intime and mem­bers of the Rut­gers soc­cer team can be found in the Prince. A copy of the pro­gram notes about the 1869 foot­ball game, with an expla­na­tion of the rules, may be down­loaded at Twenty-four Stal­wart Men.pdf. A sec­ond arti­cle from the pro­gram, sum­ma­riz­ing the his­tory of the Princeton-Rutgers foot­ball rivalry, can be viewed at  77 Years Princeton-Rutgers.pdf. More infor­ma­tion about early foot­ball can be found in Foot­ball: the Ivy League Ori­gins of an Amer­i­can Obses­sion by Mark Bern­stein ’83, who wrote our pre­vi­ous blog entry.

The footage on this 16mm film is part of the Uni­ver­sity Archives’ His­tor­i­cal Audio­vi­sual Col­lec­tion (part of item no. 0092).

Commencement and reunions in 1928, and Princeton’s penultimate flour picture

In a recent blog we shared our old­est film depict­ing Pres­i­dent Hibben’s inau­gu­ra­tion in 1912 and some unex­pected footage of Woodrow Wil­son. In today’s post we show you more sur­prise footage from that reel: com­mence­ment activ­i­ties and P-rade scenes, most of which we had already found in a puz­zling “film mosaic” on another reel. We now have iden­ti­fied the mys­tery footage as scenes from the class films of the Class of 1928. The footage from both reels is fea­tured here, along with two reunion films that helped date the mate­ri­als. Together the four films cap­ture the com­mence­ment and reunion week­end of 1928, which included a par­tic­u­larly spec­tac­u­lar P-rade, when many classes were, accord­ing to the Prince, “decked in gaudy and grotesque costumes.”

As a bonus there is footage of the Class of 1928’s fresh­men ‘flour pic­ture’ from 1924–the first in many years in which only water and flour were used, which appar­ently made this haz­ing tra­di­tion too tame to survive–it was abol­ished in 1926.

Accord­ing to the list of class films in the records of the Grad­u­ate Coun­cil, the Class of 1928 had three  film reels cap­tur­ing their com­mence­ment, with some of the footage sim­i­lar to the grad­u­a­tion film of the Class of 1921. The footage fea­tured here con­tains only a few scenes, with­out the titles that orig­i­nally accom­pa­nied them. The film, which is not in chrono­log­i­cal order, opens at the end of the class exer­cises on Mon­day, June 18 with the break­ing of the pipes on Can­non Green, which sym­bol­ized the break­ing of ties with under­grad­u­ate life. The footage is fol­lowed at 0:22 by the com­mence­ment exer­cises on Tues­day, June 19, end­ing with the singing of “Old Nas­sau” (0:44).

1928gradsx.jpgThe film con­tin­ues on Sat­ur­day, June 16 in front of Nas­sau Hall (0:54), where all alumni were wait­ing for the Class of 1928 to lead the P-rade. After the arrival of the 466 grad­u­at­ing seniors, car­ry­ing white umbrel­las (1:04, left), the other classes would join in, begin­ning with the youngest. The footage at 1:16 shows var­i­ous classes com­ing through the Arch at Prospect Avenue, from where the pro­ces­sion pro­ceeded to Uni­ver­sity field.

FoxHunt2x.jpgFrom 1:30 the pro­ces­sion is seen march­ing around the base­ball field, prior to the tra­di­tional game against Yale. The cam­era­man zoomed in on classes with par­tic­u­larly inter­est­ing cos­tumes. These include what is thought to be the Class of 1918 with feather hats (1:39), and an unknown class (pos­si­bly the Class of 1912) act­ing out a fox hunt (1:59, right). The film ends with footage of pre­sum­ably the Class of 1928’s last Senior Singing on the steps of Nas­sau Hall (2:19), with the seniors tra­di­tion­ally dressed in white.

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The Class of 1923–its deeds and its antics,” 1922–1923

Among the ear­li­est silent films that were shot on the Prince­ton cam­pus are those pro­duced and financed by the classes of 1921 to 1939 (see our pre­vi­ous blog). The first true ‘class film’ was titled “The Class of 1923–its deeds and its antics.” A com­pi­la­tion of footage from this film and of the film “Cham­pi­ons 1922,” with foot­ball high­lights of the fall of 1922, sur­vive in the archives. Be ready to watch the “foot­ball team that wouldn’t be beaten,” the build­ing of a cham­pi­onship bon­fire, a dirty flour fight, Tri­an­gle chorines and more Prince­ton lore.

The two 16mm film reels on which this footage was found con­tain almost all scenes (though in dif­fer­ent order) of the orig­i­nal nitrate base films that were kept by the Grad­u­ate Coun­cil. Accord­ing to the Grad­u­ate Council’s lists of cap­tions or “titles” of the films, the orig­i­nal “Cham­pi­ons 1922,” which was rented out to alumni groups, took up one reel, and the film with the class’ “deeds and antics” took up six. Por­tions of six of the seven orig­i­nal reels were used, with only the class’ com­mence­ment scenes omitted.

Princeton’s three foot­ball vic­to­ries that clinched the cham­pi­onship in the fall of 1922 are found at sep­a­rate places: the Yale game (Novem­ber 18) at 0:00, the Har­vard game (Novem­ber 11) at 3:18, and the Chicago match (Octo­ber 28, 1922) at 11.42. 1923tigerx.jpgThe film fea­tures a live tiger cub (2:33) that, accord­ing to the note found with the film reel, was donated by the father of one of the play­ers “since Prince­ton won (the) Har­vard game.” An arti­cle in the Prince iden­ti­fies the donor as J.F. Howard from Haver­hill, MA, father of Albert “Red” F. Howard ’25, who had caught the cub while hunt­ing in the jun­gles of India. The note indi­cates that the tiger was given to Philadel­phia Zoo after graduation.

To our sur­prise, we had already seen the bon­fire footage at 4:22. It was fea­tured in Ger­ardo Puglia’s 250th anniver­sary doc­u­men­tary and was thought to be the cham­pi­onship bon­fire of 1926 when it was put online by the Prince­ton Alumni Weekly. Now we know that it was actu­ally the cham­pi­onship bon­fire of Novem­ber 21, 1922. Given the cap­tion on 1923’s Class film, it is easy to under­stand the mis­take: it was tra­di­tion­ally the task of the fresh­men (in this case the Class of 1926) to find wood for the cel­e­bra­tory bon­fires. That this involved quite a bit more than gath­er­ing brush­wood is demon­strated in the film. A photo mon­tage of the events can be found in the Daily Prince­ton­ian of Novem­ber 25, 1922.

Another Prince­ton tra­di­tion depicted on the film is the annual “flour pic­ture,” the first pho­to­graph of the fresh­men class on the steps of Whig or Clio Hall, which was taken after the sopho­mores dumped flour on the fresh­men. The seniors of 1923 were merely bystanders when the Class of 1926’s flour pic­ture was filmed on Octo­ber 30, 1922 (5:40). The footage must have ended up here because the Class of 1923 had taken the ini­tia­tive for the com­bined Motion Pic­ture Com­mit­tee that would coor­di­nate the class films for all four classes, includ­ing the film­ing of the freshmen’s flour pic­ture. (See our pre­vi­ous blog.)

1923flourx.jpgThe title that accom­pa­nied the orig­i­nal footage appar­ently was removed:  “Flour (?) pic­ture: 1926 under­goes its bap­tismal rites.” The ques­tion mark indi­cates that more than flour was dumped dur­ing this haz­ing rit­ual, and a year later, the Class of 1926, now sopho­mores, added their own spe­cial ingre­di­ent to the mix: acid! Not sur­pris­ingly, the flour pic­ture was abol­ished imme­di­ately. The Prince wrote solemnly: “This action was neces­si­tated by the degen­er­a­tion of the Flour Pic­ture in recent years until this fall it was a dis­tinctly non-Princeton affair.”  A later arti­cle detailed what may have been mixed with the flour on this footage: eggs, tar, paint, molasses “and what­not.” The flour pic­ture was rein­stated in 1924 with water and flour only, but the inter­est of the sopho­mores waned, and the prac­tice stopped after 1925.

The pho­tog­ra­pher of the flour pic­ture is prob­a­bly Orren Jack Turner, who appears at 6:28, fol­lowed a bit later by B.F. Bunn ’07 (6:36), man­ager of the Uni­ver­sity store and finan­cial adviser to many cam­pus orga­ni­za­tions, who advanced the money for the cam­era pur­chased by the Motion Pic­ture Com­mit­tee. The footage of Bunn is fol­lowed by scenes from the Tri­an­gle show “The Man from Earth” (6:46), the annual show for 1922–1923, with Wally Smith ’24 in the title row, singing “That’s why I left the world behind” (7:36). This is the ear­li­est Tri­an­gle footage in the Uni­ver­sity archives, pre­ced­ing even the footage of “The Golden Dog” of 1929 that was fea­tured in a pre­vi­ous blog.

1923sundialx.jpgThe remain­der of the footage includes ath­letic teams and  train­ing ses­sions, as well as class offi­cers and mem­bers of the boards. Sports fea­tured include soc­cer (1:21, 5:28), cross coun­try (2:15), base­ball (7:49. 14:31), row­ing (8:25. 17:33) and golf (16:12), while footage of con­struc­tion of the Hobart Baker ice hockey rink can be found at 6:42. The footage includes mem­bers of The­atre Intime (14:00) and the board of the Daily Prince­ton­ian. The lat­ter footage cap­tures another Princeton’s tra­di­tion: the priv­i­lege, exclu­sive to seniors, to sit on the steps of the Mather Sun­dial, in the cen­ter of McCosh Court­yard (16:44).

This footage on this 16mm film is part of the Uni­ver­sity Archives’ His­tor­i­cal Audio­vi­sual Col­lec­tion (item no. 0195 and 0196). 

Princeton’s oldest footage: John Grier Hibben’s inauguration and Woodrow Wilson returns to vote

This post con­tains the old­est news­reels present in the Prince­ton Uni­ver­sity Archives. As dis­cussed in our pre­vi­ous blog, Prince­ton Uni­ver­sity started mak­ing films in 1919, using the footage for its first pro­mo­tional film in 1921. For ear­lier years, how­ever, it was depen­dent on news­reel com­pa­nies like Pathé, which filmed news­wor­thy sto­ries and items of top­i­cal inter­est for movie the­aters. The first film doc­u­ments the inau­gu­ra­tion of John Grier Hibben, four­teenth pres­i­dent of  Prince­ton Uni­ver­sity (1912–1932). The news­reels that fol­low show US Pres­i­dent Woodrow Wil­son, Hibben’s pre­de­ces­sor, when he returned to Prince­ton to vote in 1913 or 1915 and in 1916.

We do not know what com­pany pro­duced the silent news­reel about Hibben’s inau­gu­ra­tion in 1912 as only the open­ing titles sur­vive, but it is obvi­ous what made the issue par­tic­u­larly news­wor­thy: William Howard Taft, Pres­i­dent of the United States 1909–1913, was a guest at the cer­e­mony.  He received an hon­orary degree, along with US Supreme Court Chief Jus­tice Edward Dou­glass White. The news­reel opens with Taft pos­ing with Hibben and his wife and daugh­ter at Prospect House (0:14). It con­tin­ues with Hibben and his dis­tin­guished guests, headed by Grand Mar­shal William Libbey ’77 and Taft’s per­sonal aid, walk­ing past fac­ulty, trustees, stu­dents, and guests on Can­non Green, from where the pro­ces­sion marched to Nas­sau Hall (0:54). The Daily Prince­ton­ian describes the pro­ces­sion and fol­low­ing exer­cises in detail. The news­reel footage, how­ever, shows very lit­tle of the cer­e­monies on the podium in front of Nas­sau Hall. Hibben’s inau­gu­ra­tion and speech are shown at 1:36, fol­lowed by the con­fer­ment of hon­orary degrees to Chief Jus­tice Williams (1:51) and Pres­i­dent Taft (2:04).

 

Woodrow Wilson Newsreel flipped.jpgThe footage of Woodrow Wil­son that fol­lows Hibben’s inau­gu­ra­tion (2:26) seems to have been taken from two dif­fer­ent news­reels. Although the title and cred­its of both news­reels were almost com­pletely removed, a remain­ing sin­gle frame of the first title survived–oddly enough in mir­ror image and shown cor­rected at the right. This footage may have been from Wilson’s visit on Sep­tem­ber 28, 1915, when he trav­eled to Prince­ton to vote in the Demo­c­ra­tic pri­maries at the polling sta­tion on Cham­bers Street. (See the New York Times at NYTImes 28_Sep_1915.pdf.) Alter­na­tively, it may depict him in the Demo­c­ra­tic pri­maries of Sep­tem­ber 23, 1913, when he voted for James Fielder for Gov­er­nor of New Jer­sey. (See NYTimes_23_Sep_1913.pdf.)

The very brief footage thaWilsonvote.jpgt fol­lows at 3:15, show­ing Wil­son greet­ing women, was taken when he voted in the NJ pri­mary on  April 25, 1916. (For a photo of Wil­son arriv­ing by train, see the His­tor­i­cal Soci­ety of Princeton’s photo archives). Dur­ing this visit, which is described in the Prince, Wil­son par­tic­i­pated in the plant­ing of trees along the Lin­coln High­way under the aus­pices of the New Jer­sey Fed­er­a­tion of Women’s Clubs.
It is not known on what occa­sion the his­toric footage was copied onto the 16mm film reel on which it was found, though it must have hap­pened after June 1940, when the footage of Hibben’s inau­gu­ra­tion was dis­played at the 25th reunion of the Class of 1915, whose mem­bers had wit­nessed the inau­gu­ra­tion as fresh­men.  (On May 17, 1940 Everett Frank ’15 wrote Don Grif­fin, Sec­re­tary of the Grad­u­ate Coun­cil, that he had located the news­reels, which Grif­fin was wel­come to bor­row). The Woodrow Wil­son footage on the reel is fol­lowed by the com­mence­ment activ­i­ties of what seems to be the Class of 1928. That, and related footage, will be the sub­ject of a future blog.
This footage on this 16mm film is part of the Uni­ver­sity Archives’ His­tor­i­cal Audio­vi­sual Col­lec­tion (part of item no. 0192)

What happened to Princeton’s silent movies?

ArthurPenrose.jpg Film­ing of the com­edy “Arthur Pen­rose” (1923)  (Photo The Prince­ton Bric-a-Brac,1925)

It started at Yale
On Feb­ru­ary 19, 1920 the Daily Prince­ton­ian announced Yale’s deci­sion to record impor­tant cam­pus events on film, to be kept by the classes and used for reunions. By the end of that year, accord­ing to the Prince, Princeton’s Class of 1921 had estab­lished a “fund by which a class motion pic­ture could be taken, includ­ing scenes which might prove to be of inter­est to the Class in later years.” The film of its grad­u­a­tion week­end in June 1921, fea­tured in our first post, must have been the result. Fol­low­ing the exam­ple, the Class of 1922 appointed a Motion Pic­ture Com­mit­tee at the begin­ning of its senior year to coor­di­nate its own class and foot­ball films, thus start­ing a tra­di­tion  that lasted through the 1930s. Only a few class films have sur­vived in the Uni­ver­sity Archives. What hap­pened to the oth­ers? Do we know what was lost? A recently dis­cov­ered box of records of the Grad­u­ate Coun­cil, part of the yet unprocessed Records of the Alumni Orga­ni­za­tions pro­vides some answers.
Champions1922y.jpgRent­ing a film from the Grad­u­ate Council

The box con­tains cor­re­spon­dence (1921–1950) about Princeton’s class and foot­ball films, which were the prop­erty of the classes. They were kept by the Grad­u­ate Coun­cil on their behalf, which rented the foot­ball films to alumni groups around the coun­try. The records include detailed hand­writ­ten and type­script lists, drawn up in 1931, of sev­enty silent movies, usu­ally one to three reels long. The sum­maries and lists of the film cap­tions or “titles” that were used give a good idea of the con­tents of Princeton’s films of the 1920s (lists of the class films of the 1930s are lack­ing). A few films were listed as prop­erty of the Grad­u­ate Coun­cil itself: some uniden­ti­fied (pre­sum­ably early) foot­ball games, the short lived Arthur Pen­rose (1923), a com­edy pro­duced by film enthu­si­ast Stas Azoy ’14, who seems to have been in charge of the films at the time, and the University’s very first pro­mo­tion film Prince­ton (1921). This five-reel film (85 min­utes), which was revised three times and renamed Just Prince­ton and Prince­ton: a ‘National Uni­ver­sity,’ was rented to high schools and other inter­ested groups until 1926, when it was con­sid­ered out­dated (most of the footage was appar­ently seven years old). The silent movie, which was ini­tially meant to be accom­pa­nied by Prince­ton songs and music, has not sur­vived, but the list of cap­tions in the film pro­vides a detailed account of the scenes (see Prince­ton film.pdf).

The class films of the 1920s

After the Class of 1922’s appoint­ment of a Motion Pic­ture Com­mit­tee  to ensure a memento of its senior year, all classes fol­lowed suit. On Novem­ber 3, 1922 the Prince announced the merger of the four class com­mit­tees into one cen­tral body with rep­re­sen­ta­tives from all four classes. It would film cam­pus events of inter­est to all, so that each class would have a com­plete four-year record, end­ing with its com­mence­ment. The first films taken under the new man­age­ment were shown in the Gar­den The­ater on Decem­ber 7, 1922. They included the Class of 1926’s “Flour Pic­ture” (a haz­ing rit­ual in which sopho­mores dumped flour and water on fresh­men prior to their first class pic­ture) and the foot­ball vic­tory over Yale and cham­pi­onship cel­e­bra­tion in November.

inventoryPYgame1926.jpgThe annual flour pic­ture would only be filmed a few more years, as the tra­di­tion was dis­con­tin­ued after 1925. But the major foot­ball games con­tin­ued to be filmed in the fall. The foot­ball films, which were most pop­u­lar among alumni groups, took up half of the col­lec­tion of the Grad­u­ate Coun­cil. They were the prop­erty of the class in whose senior year they were taken. The foot­ball films for 1926, for instance, were the prop­erty of the Class of 1927 (left). The major­ity of the remain­ing class films were shot dur­ing spring and Com­mence­ment. The spring films usu­ally fea­tured com­mit­tees and groups, cam­pus scenes and sports. Some­times the footage included small skits. In addi­tion to these films, the Grad­u­ate Council’s lists include a few films of row­ing, base­ball, and other sports, as well as some early reunion films.

Con­tinue read­ing

Coeduation in Princeton: it started at the Graduate School

In Sep­tem­ber 1969, more than two years after Pres­i­dent Goheen asked for­mer Woodrow Wil­son direc­tor Gard­ner Pat­ter­son to inves­ti­gate the intro­duc­tion of coed­u­ca­tion, Prince­ton wel­comed its first under­grad­u­ate women to cam­pus. Within the Ivy League Prince­ton was rel­a­tively late: while Yale made the move at the same time, only Dart­mouth (1972) and Colum­bia (1983) went coed­u­ca­tional later. It was not the first time, how­ever, that women entered Prince­ton Uni­ver­sity for a degree. In 1961 Sabra Fol­lett Meser­vey, an assis­tant pro­fes­sor of his­tory at Dou­glass Col­lege in New Brunswick, became the first woman to be enrolled at the Grad­u­ate School as a full time degree can­di­date in Ori­en­tal Stud­ies. Meser­vey pro­vides a humor­ous account of her meet­ing with Goheen to arrange the ‘test case’ dur­ing the cel­e­bra­tion of coed­u­ca­tion at the Grad­u­ate School on June 3, 1989 (14:45).

Fea­tured here is a ninety-minute forum dur­ing which five speak­ers dis­cuss their expe­ri­ences as women at the Grad­u­ate School and after. After a his­tor­i­cal intro­duc­tion about women in higher edu­ca­tion by the orga­nizer of the event, Lisa Drake­man *88 (1:35), Sabra Fol­lett Meser­vey *66 is the first speaker (10:26). She is fol­lowed by T’sai-ying Cheng *64, the first female recip­i­ent of a degree in Prince­ton (28:04), Phyl­lis Thomp­son *76 (50:15), Mau­reen Quirk *82 (1:08:38), and Sindee Simon *92 (1:19:34).
This VHS video is part of the Uni­ver­sity Archives’ His­tor­i­cal Audio­vi­sual Col­lec­tion (item no.1306).

 

 

President Johnson addresses Vietnam in Princeton, 1966

Pres­i­dent Lyn­don B. John­son vis­ited Prince­ton Uni­ver­sity on May 11, 1966 to ded­i­cate the new Woodrow Wil­son School of Pub­lic and Inter­na­tional Affairs build­ing and receive an hon­orary degree. The new build­ing had been made pos­si­ble by a $35 mil­lion gift that was anony­mous at the time, but later revealed to be from Charles S. Robert­son ’26 and his wife Marie. (See the pre­vi­ous blog entry on the 1961 Prince­ton news­reel.)  Secur­ing the visit of the Pres­i­dent, orig­i­nally sched­uled in Octo­ber 1965 but can­celed at the last minute, had been very dif­fi­cult. When the Pres­i­dent did come, close to 400 Viet­nam War pro­test­ers were kept a block away from the cer­e­monies. In his speech, how­ever, John­son addressed his crit­ics nonetheless.

At the time of Johnson’s visit, stu­dent protests against the Viet­nam War had only just begun. The local chap­ter of the Stu­dents for Demo­c­ra­tic Soci­ety (SDS) was founded in the fall of 1965. In Novem­ber sev­enty under­grad­u­ate and grad­u­ate stu­dents joined the “March on Wash­ing­ton to End the War in Viet­nam,” defy­ing Princeton’s con­ser­v­a­tive stereo­type under a 10-feet long ban­ner with the words “EVEN PRINCETON.” Opin­ions in Prince­ton at the time of Johnson’s visit, how­ever, were mixed. Many sup­ported Johnson’s poli­cies in Indochina, includ­ing Prince­ton Uni­ver­sity pres­i­dent Robert F. Goheen. In Sep­tem­ber 1965 he joined the “Com­mit­tee for an Effec­tive and Durable Peace in Asia,” which con­sisted of 48 lead­ing pri­vate cit­i­zens, whose pur­pose was to “sup­port Pres­i­dent Johnson’s pro­pos­als to bring about a viable peace in Viet­nam and, once peace is brought about, to enlist eco­nomic aid for the entire area and to assure to the peo­ple of South Viet­nam their right to choose a gov­ern­ment of their own.”
By 1967 anti-war protests had increased through­out the coun­try as well as in Prince­ton, which was par­tic­u­larly active in the draft resis­tance move­ment. Goheen, too, changed his mind and was one of the thirty-seven uni­ver­sity pres­i­dents who signed a peti­tion to end the Amer­i­can mil­i­tary involve­ment in Indochina. In April 1969, over 3,000 stu­dents, fac­ulty, and staff assem­bled in Jad­win Gym­na­sium to vote on five res­o­lu­tions related to the war. But it was after Pres­i­dent Richard Nixon’s announce­ment in April 1970 that the United States had invaded Cam­bo­dia that the protests against the war peaked. The result­ing “Prince­ton Strike” of 1970 will be the sub­ject of a future blog post.

Robertsonletter.jpgThe text of Johnson’s speech is not avail­able in the Uni­ver­sity Archives. A sum­mary and dis­cus­sion of his speech, how­ever, can be found in The Daily Prince­ton­ian. What the records in the Uni­ver­sity Archives do reveal is how dif­fi­cult it was to arrange Johnson’s visit. Less than than two weeks before the ded­i­ca­tion it was still not cer­tain if he could attend. A press release issued on May 8, three days before the cer­e­mony, announced Sec­re­tary of Health, Edu­ca­tion, and Wel­fare John Gard­ner as the prin­ci­pal speaker, but accord­ing to the Prince, rumors cir­cu­lated that the Pres­i­dent would attend.

The ded­i­ca­tion brought a great deal of sat­is­fac­tion to the then anony­mous donors. “I guess that next to my wed­ding and the arrival of the chil­dren it was the biggest day of my life,” wrote Charles Robert­son, who had sug­gested for­mer Sec­re­tary of State Dean Ache­son to Goheen as an alter­na­tive  on April 6. Although the donors of the $35 Mil­lion gift to the Woodrow Wil­son School were anony­mous, he and his wife appear to have been caught on cam­era as guests at the cer­e­mony (1:04).
This news­reel is part of the Uni­ver­sity Archives’ His­tor­i­cal Audio­vi­sual Col­lec­tion (item no. 1339). Cor­re­spon­dence about the dif­fi­cul­ties of sched­ul­ing Pres­i­dent Johnson’s visit can be found in the the Office of the President’s Records (Box 386, folder 8 (which includes Robertson’s let­ter above) and folder 9) and the Office of Com­mu­ni­ca­tion Records (Box 106, folder 2)