The graph of a curve is a familiar construction in the real plane; the analogous construction for complex valued functions of a complex variable is a “curve” that is a 2-dimensional set in a 4-dimensional space. Such curves, aside from a few singularities, locally look just like pieces of the complex plane, so it is possible to carry out complex analysis on such “curves”, just as for the complex plane; but the global geometry introduces a rich and fascinating structure on these sets, called Riemann surfaces (following the work of B. Riemann).
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